An overshot watermill wheel in Polperrow, Cornwall. The top half of the wheel with wooden buckets against the white stone walls of the mill. Above is the wooden sluice that feeds water into the buckets to turn the wheel, although no water is flowing. Some of the buckets have green plants growing in them.

The rotary quern was perhaps the first labour-saving device. Using water power, rather than muscles, to turn the millstone made it even more efficient. Without watermills, it is doubtful whether ancient Romans could have enjoyed their bread and circuses. Because they require capital investment and skilled workers, watermills also set the trend for concentration in the food industry.

Listen to Water and Power at Eat This Podcast.

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